Kinetic & thermodynamic studies of green fuel additive solketal from crude glycerol over metakaolin clay catalyst

Zahid, I. and Ayoub, M. and Nazir, M.H. and Sher, F. and Shamsuddin, R. and Abdullah, B.B. and Ameen, M. (2024) Kinetic & thermodynamic studies of green fuel additive solketal from crude glycerol over metakaolin clay catalyst. Biomass and Bioenergy, 181.

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Abstract

Biodiesel synthesis produces about 10 glycerol as a byproduct, prompting environmental concerns. The utilization of crude glycerol into valuable products requires an Eco-friendly technique. This study depicts glycerol acetalization using acetone and novel catalyst acid-treated metakaolin clay. Raw kaolin clay was calcined at 600 °C and treated with acid at 102 °C for 3 h. Afterward, acid activated clay was filtrate and dried in oven to remove moisture content. The catalyst prepared with a 5 M solution of sulfuric acid exhibited the highest surface area of 82.33 m2. g�1 and gave the highest yield (80 ) of Solketal with 73 of glycerol conversion under optimum conditions. The ketalization reaction of Solketal synthesis was studied in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expression based on two-parameter kinetic law was used in this study. From the kinetic studies, activation energies (EA) of forward and backward reactions were found to be K1 = 39.23 kJ. mol�1 and K2 = 35.70 kJ. mol�1 respectively. Furthermore, reaction was exothermic having an enthalpy of �Ho = �18.86 kJ. mol�1 and the entropy �So = �0.1 kJ. mol�1 calculated from this process. Solketal derived from sustainable sources such as bio-glycerol and biomass-based acetone, has a wide range of uses as fuel additives and medicines industry. This research marks a significant advancement in the development of a continuous synthesis technique for Solketal and its recovery from glycerol-acetone mixtures. © 2023 The Authors

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: cited By 4
Depositing User: Mr Ahmad Suhairi UTP
Date Deposited: 04 Jun 2024 14:19
Last Modified: 04 Jun 2024 14:19
URI: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/19926

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