In the chapter, the use of machine learning in the oil and gas industry is briefly presented with emphases on the current trends in the oil and gas models. Also, the use of machine learning in the oil and gas upstream is discussed with highlights on the recent advancement on the use of AI in the oil and gas industry. The challenges facing the application of machine learning in the oil and gas industry is also presented. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.