In recent years, a lot of progress has been created on aerospace materials for structural and engineering applications. Composites are made when two or more different materials are combined to create superior and distinctive materials. For aerospace engineering, there is considerable progress in material science and engineering with the technological challenges in terms of subtle and specialized materials like composite materials. These days composites materials have gotten necessary in aerospace engineering because of their high specific strength at lower weight, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. Apart from it, nanotube benefits also have an essential role in advancement in the aerospace applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) applications have progressively enlarged because of its excellent options exhibited by these materials. The potential applications of CNTs are enlarged by an oversized variety of various applications in scientific fields, like storing energy, biological applications, and emission. Besides that, various fillers were utilized to increase the thermal conductivity of the chemical compound composite matrix. In order to take full advantage of these nanofiller, it is critical to control the distribution of nanofillers within the polymer matrix, as this structural organization affects how the two constituent components interact with one another. Thus, this chapter investigates the advancement of composite in aerospace applications in terms of opportunities, challenges, and future perspective. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.