Biomass is an important source for the generation of sustainable hydrogen. Biomass is obtained through a variety of sources such as crop residues, waste of agricultural industries, and plant residues like wood and the crops. There are several methods for the generation of H2 from biomass. These methods can be broadly classified into two categories, i.e., thermochemical processes and biochemical processes. Both the thermochemical and the biochemical processes of biomass conversion for the generation of sustainable H2 involve the extensive use of nanotechnology. Many studies have used the nanotechnology for the thermochemical conversion of the algal mass to the sustainable hydrogen. This chapter will explain the applications of some notable nanomaterials involved in H2 generation from biomass. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.