Modification of polymers with fillers provides the possibility of changing their physical and mechanical properties. The goal of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the effect of nanodispersed additives and other powdery substances on the strength of multilayer composite materials (CM). A series of multilayer composite specimens based on fiberglass and carbon fabric was made with the addition of fillers in a concentration of 1 and 3 wt. to an epoxy polymer matrix. Nanopowders of silicon dioxide Tarkosil (T20, T50, T80, T110), fine powders of copper, collagen and cellulose fibers were used as fillers. Two types of tests, i.e., for compression and for impact were carried out. The introduction of nanopowders into CM changes their strength properties: the samples added with T110 nanomaterial withstand the maximum compressive load at a concentration of 1 and 3 wt.. The results of impact tests of the samples with fillers and computer simulation of the impact and punching of the samples using the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software product, are presented. A method for numerical simulation of the impact process has been developed, which provides studying the dynamics of deformation and fracture of multilayer samples. Impact tests of the samples carried out at different values of the impact velocity (from 380 to 450 m/sec) revealed either puncture of the CM plates or damage such as delamination and splitting. In the impact test of multilayer specimens of composite materials with fillers added to the epoxy polymer matrix, the interlayer defects appeared in the form of delamination; samples without additives were pierced through under the impact. The experimental data on the degree of damage to multilayer plates after the impact matched the results of computer simulation. © 2021 TEST-ZL Publishing, LLC. All Rights Reserved.