@inproceedings{scholars9768,
         journal = {MATEC Web of Conferences},
       publisher = {EDP Sciences},
           title = {Study of Impact Erosion of Oil and Gas Flowlines with Micro-sized Sand Particles},
            year = {2018},
             doi = {10.1051/matecconf/201822503003},
            note = {cited By 1; Conference of 2018 UTP-UMP-VIT Symposium on Energy Systems, SES 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 September 2018 Through 19 September 2018; Conference Code:141921},
          volume = {225},
          author = {Naz, M. Y. and Sulaiman, S. A. and Ismail, N. I. and Inayat, M. and Shukrullah, S. and Ghaffar, A.},
            issn = {2261236X},
        abstract = {The oil and gas produced from the reservoirs of relatively low formation strength inevitably carry micro-sized sand particles, which adversely influence the flow-lines and other installations. The financial deliberations favor the choice of low-cost metals, in general, carbon steel as a flow-line material. Yet, there are many cases where carbon steel been substituted with a low-cost stainless steel. The corrosion resistance of the stainless-steel is well accepted. However, there is another type of deformation that is not well studied and understood is its erosion resistance. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the erosion of stainless steel placed in a dry sand stream of micro-size particles. The manipulated variables were sand size, impingement angle, gas flow velocity, and nozzle distance. The obtained results showed that the large particle size, high fluid-flow velocity and short nozzle distance would result in more severe erosion of the stainless-steel coupons. {\^A}{\copyright} 2018 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056779387&doi=10.1051\%2fmatecconf\%2f201822503003&partnerID=40&md5=49f8e05710fe704a10d3d7831ba9aab6},
        keywords = {Corrosion resistance; Costs; Erosion; Flow of gases; Flow velocity; Nozzles; Particle size; Sand; Stainless steel; Steel corrosion, Erosion resistance; Impact erosion; Impingement angle; Large particle sizes; Manipulated variables; Micro-size particles; Sand particles; Severe erosion, Carbon steel}
}