@inproceedings{scholars9603,
       publisher = {Institute of Physics Publishing},
         journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
            year = {2018},
           title = {The effect of blend ratios on physico-mechanical properties and miscibility of cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)/urea blends},
             doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/1123/1/012066},
            note = {cited By 5; Conference of 5th International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Sciences, ICFAS 2018 ; Conference Date: 13 August 2018 Through 15 August 2018; Conference Code:142772},
          volume = {1123},
          number = {1},
          author = {Negim, E.-S. and Bekbayeva, L. and Adam, H. and Yeligbayeva, G. and Ganjian, E. and Saleh, M. and Saad, B.},
            issn = {17426588},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058220536&doi=10.1088\%2f1742-6596\%2f1123\%2f1\%2f012066&partnerID=40&md5=d7420572889e6f5011e61c3cc38d9445},
        keywords = {Acetic acid; Glacial geology; Glass transition; Mechanical properties; pH; Polyvinyl alcohols; Scanning electron microscopy; Solubility; Thermoanalysis, Blend ratios; FTIR spectroscopy; Glacial acetic acid; Hydrogen bonding interactions; Nitrogen atom; Physicomechanical properties; Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA); Single glass transition, Hydrogen bonds},
        abstract = {The present study investigates the effect of blend ratios on the miscibility and physico-mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/urea (U) blends. PVA/U blends were synthesized in aqueous solution with different blend ratios 65/35, 50/50 and 35/65 respectively, using glacial acetic acid as crosslinking. The properties of PVA/U blends examined included FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, TGA, DSC and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results showed that the miscibility and physico-mechanical properties of PVA/U blends are strongly dependent on PVA ratio in the blends. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to check the hydrogen bonding interaction between PVA and U in the blends. The formation of hydrogen bond was through the lone pair attraction from nitrogen atoms of U towards protonated hydroxyl of PVA. These blends have a single glass transition indicating that these blends are able to form a miscible phase due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. The addition of glacial acetic acid as cross-linking improved the thermal analysis of the blend. The scanning electron microscopy of PVA/U showed crystals of varying sizes with flake shapes compared to the pure PVA. {\^A}{\copyright} Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.}
}