eprintid: 94
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/00/00/94
datestamp: 2023-11-09 15:15:44
lastmod: 2023-11-09 15:15:44
status_changed: 2023-11-09 15:12:47
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Nadeem, M.
creators_name: Rangkuti, C.
creators_name: Anuar, K.
creators_name: Haq, M.R.U.
creators_name: Tan, I.B.
creators_name: Shah, S.S.
title: Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactants
ispublished: pub
keywords: Air pollution control; Diesel engines; Emulsification; Gas emissions; Particulate emissions; Surface active agents, Emission characteristics; Emulsified fuels; Environmental hazards; Gemini surfactants, Synthetic fuels
note: cited By 245
abstract: Diesel engines exhausting gaseous emission and particulate matter have long been regarded as one of the major air pollution sources, particularly in metropolitan areas, and have been a source of serious public concern for a long time. The emulsification method is not only motivated by cost reduction but is also one of the potentially effective techniques to reduce exhaust emission from diesel engines. Water/diesel (W/D) emulsified formulations are reported to reduce the emissions of NOx, SOx, CO and particulate matter (PM) without compensating the engine's performance. Emulsion fuels with varying contents of water and diesel were prepared and stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactant, respectively. Surfactant's dosage, emulsification time, stirring intensity, emulsifying temperature and mixing time have been reported. Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission was also measured and analyzed with these indigenously prepared emulsified fuels. The obtained experimental results indicate that the emulsions stabilized by gemini surfactant have much finer and better-distributed water droplets as compared to those stabilized by conventional surfactant. A comparative study involving torque, engine brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), specific fuel consumption (SFC), particulate matter (PM), NOx and CO emissions is also reported for neat diesel and emulsified formulations. It was found that there was an insignificant reduction in engine's efficiency but on the other hand there are significant benefits associated with the incorporation of water contents in diesel regarding environmental hazards. The biggest reduction in PM, NOx, CO and SOx emission was achieved by the emulsion stabilized by gemini surfactant containing 15 water contents. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
date: 2006
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745873533&doi=10.1016%2fj.fuel.2006.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=86a12e29303810ac3b49ea967e23c4f2
id_number: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.03.013
full_text_status: none
publication: Fuel
volume: 85
number: 14-15
pagerange: 2111-2119
refereed: TRUE
issn: 00162361
citation:   Nadeem, M. and Rangkuti, C. and Anuar, K. and Haq, M.R.U. and Tan, I.B. and Shah, S.S.  (2006) Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactants.  Fuel, 85 (14-15).  pp. 2111-2119.  ISSN 00162361