TY  - JOUR
KW  - Air pollution control; Diesel engines; Emulsification; Gas emissions; Particulate emissions; Surface active agents
KW  -  Emission characteristics; Emulsified fuels; Environmental hazards; Gemini surfactants
KW  -  Synthetic fuels
IS  - 14-15
TI  - Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactants
SN  - 00162361
N2  - Diesel engines exhausting gaseous emission and particulate matter have long been regarded as one of the major air pollution sources, particularly in metropolitan areas, and have been a source of serious public concern for a long time. The emulsification method is not only motivated by cost reduction but is also one of the potentially effective techniques to reduce exhaust emission from diesel engines. Water/diesel (W/D) emulsified formulations are reported to reduce the emissions of NOx, SOx, CO and particulate matter (PM) without compensating the engine's performance. Emulsion fuels with varying contents of water and diesel were prepared and stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactant, respectively. Surfactant's dosage, emulsification time, stirring intensity, emulsifying temperature and mixing time have been reported. Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission was also measured and analyzed with these indigenously prepared emulsified fuels. The obtained experimental results indicate that the emulsions stabilized by gemini surfactant have much finer and better-distributed water droplets as compared to those stabilized by conventional surfactant. A comparative study involving torque, engine brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), specific fuel consumption (SFC), particulate matter (PM), NOx and CO emissions is also reported for neat diesel and emulsified formulations. It was found that there was an insignificant reduction in engine's efficiency but on the other hand there are significant benefits associated with the incorporation of water contents in diesel regarding environmental hazards. The biggest reduction in PM, NOx, CO and SOx emission was achieved by the emulsion stabilized by gemini surfactant containing 15 water contents. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
EP  - 2119
ID  - scholars94
AV  - none
SP  - 2111
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - cited By 245
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745873533&doi=10.1016%2fj.fuel.2006.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=86a12e29303810ac3b49ea967e23c4f2
A1  - Nadeem, M.
A1  - Rangkuti, C.
A1  - Anuar, K.
A1  - Haq, M.R.U.
A1  - Tan, I.B.
A1  - Shah, S.S.
JF  - Fuel
VL  - 85
ER  -