relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/9236/
title: Preparation and kinetics study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using new functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts
creator: Ullah, Z.
creator: Bustam, M.A.
creator: Man, Z.
creator: Khan, A.S.
creator: Muhammad, N.
creator: Sarwono, A.
description: In this work, 1,4-sultone and benzimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with four different anions were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis (CHNS). The acidity of the synthesized ILs was studied using Hammett acidity function and COSMO-RS. The waste cooking oil was used as a raw material for biodiesel production and their different fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). These four ILs, as catalysts, were screened and comparatively IL 3-methyl-1-(4-sulfo-butyl)-benzimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate BSMBIMCF3SO3 was selected for further detailed optimization study. This IL experimental efficiency results supported the Hammett acidity function and COSMO-RS study. The catalyst performance was studied and optimised the different parameters. The catalyst efficiency was studied in one and two-step reactions. BSMBIMCF3SO3 as a catalyst showed the esterification of waste cooking oil up to 78.13% in a single step reaction. Potassium hydroxide was used in the second step to trans-esterify the waste cooking oil up to 94.52%. The catalyst was reused for seven times with high-yield production. The obtained biodiesel was characterized by GC, NMR, FTIR, thermogravimetric (TGA) and their physicochemical properties were compared with the already established standards. The kinetic study of this transesterification reaction was evaluated and followed the first-order reaction mechanism. © 2017
publisher: Elsevier Ltd
date: 2017
type: Article
type: PeerReviewed
identifier:   Ullah, Z. and Bustam, M.A. and Man, Z. and Khan, A.S. and Muhammad, N. and Sarwono, A.  (2017) Preparation and kinetics study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using new functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts.  Renewable Energy, 114.  pp. 755-765.  ISSN 09601481     
relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026347945&doi=10.1016%2fj.renene.2017.07.085&partnerID=40&md5=1d0fc392b5e341a929f8160cd3023e55
relation: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.085
identifier: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.085