@article{scholars9168,
          volume = {264 SS},
            note = {cited By 8; Conference of 25th Scientific Conference of the Microscopy Society Malaysia, SCMSM 2016 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2016 Through 9 December 2016; Conference Code:198909},
             doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.264.9},
           title = {Characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose isolated from empty fruit bunch using acid hydrolysis},
            year = {2017},
         journal = {Solid State Phenomena},
       publisher = {Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
           pages = {9--12},
        keywords = {Agricultural wastes; Cellulose derivatives; Crystallinity; Field emission microscopes; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fruits; Hydrolysis; Nanocellulose; Nanocrystals; Scanning electron microscopy; X ray diffraction, Acid hydrolysis; Agriculture wastes; Cellulose content; Empty fruit bunches; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; FT-IR spectrum; Nanocrystalline cellulose; Nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC), Cellulose, Acids; Agriculture; Cellulose; Hydrolysis; Wastes},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030181933&doi=10.4028\%2fwww.scientific.net\%2fSSP.264.9&partnerID=40&md5=a5bb660a54bb59e9bf1e187e883e4dcc},
        abstract = {In recent years, there has been a great interest in the production of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) due to its excellent properties. In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) was used as the material for the production of NCC due to its high cellulose content, inexpensive and readily-available source. NCC was prepared using acid hydrolysis at 62 for 1 hours. The morphology of NCC was determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The size of NCC was less than 50 nm in width. The obtained NCC was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR spectra analysis showed that hemicellulose and lignin were mostly removed from the EFB after bleaching and alkaline pre-treatment. XRD diffractograms revealed that EFB nanocellulose showed a crystallinity improvement of 24.3 compared to raw EFB cellulose. {\^A}{\copyright} 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.},
            issn = {10120394},
          author = {Gan, P. G. and Sam, S. T. and Bin Abdullah, M. F. and Bin Zulkepli, N. N. and Yeong, Y. F.},
            isbn = {9783035711608}
}