relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/8772/ title: Role of surface pores on fouling of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes in submerged membrane bioreactors creator: Bilad, M.R. creator: Druyts, J. creator: Vankelecom, I.F.J. description: In this study, the roles of surface pores on membrane fouling was investigated using three membranes in two lab-scale membrane bioreactors. Characterization of the pristine membranes revealed that increasing polymer concentration decreases pore sizes and porosity. Critical flux was found to decrease with decreasing pore sizes. The finding was consistent for both MBRs. The results of the long-term filtration were in agreement with the flux-stepping test. The fouling layer was easily removed and only a few small particles remained as were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Surface pore sizes and porosity declined for all cleaned membranes, indicating permanent pore blocking, and the effect was higher for membranes with larger pore size. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing date: 2017 type: Conference or Workshop Item type: PeerReviewed identifier: Bilad, M.R. and Druyts, J. and Vankelecom, I.F.J. (2017) Role of surface pores on fouling of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes in submerged membrane bioreactors. In: UNSPECIFIED. relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016597232&doi=10.1088%2f1757-899X%2f180%2f1%2f012272&partnerID=40&md5=8eafeb65ee95f48a755f660e3d9aea28 relation: 10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012272 identifier: 10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012272