@article{scholars8491,
           pages = {1525--1533},
       publisher = {Springer Verlag},
         journal = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
            year = {2017},
           title = {Blood vessel segmentation in color fundus images based on regional and Hessian features},
             doi = {10.1007/s00417-017-3677-y},
          number = {8},
            note = {cited By 33},
          volume = {255},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018747145&doi=10.1007\%2fs00417-017-3677-y&partnerID=40&md5=3eb38d771822d5839d43f81c42897735},
        keywords = {accuracy; algorithm; Article; eye fundus; filter; image analysis; image processing; priority journal; retina blood vessel; retina disease; sensitivity analysis; algorithm; factual database; human; pathology; procedures; retina blood vessel; retina disease; visual system examination, Algorithms; Databases, Factual; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Vessels},
        abstract = {Purpose: To propose a new algorithm of blood vessel segmentation based on regional and Hessian features for image analysis in retinal abnormality diagnosis. Methods: Firstly, color fundus images from the publicly available database DRIVE were converted from RGB to grayscale. To enhance the contrast of the dark objects (blood vessels) against the background, the dot product of the grayscale image with itself was generated. To rectify the variation in contrast, we used a 5{\^A} {\~A}?{\^A} 5 window filter on each pixel. Based on 5 regional features, 1 intensity feature and 2 Hessian features per scale using 9 scales, we extracted a total of 24 features. A linear minimum squared error (LMSE) classifier was trained to classify each pixel into a vessel or non-vessel pixel. Results: The DRIVE dataset provided 20 training and 20 test color fundus images. The proposed algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 72.05 with 94.79 accuracy. Conclusions: Our proposed algorithm achieved higher accuracy (0.9206) at the peripapillary region, where the ocular manifestations in the microvasculature due to glaucoma, central retinal vein occlusion, etc. are most obvious. This supports the proposed algorithm as a strong candidate for automated vessel segmentation. {\^A}{\copyright} 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.},
          author = {Shah, S. A. A. and Tang, T. B. and Faye, I. and Laude, A.},
            issn = {0721832X}
}