@article{scholars807,
           title = {A combined process integration and fuel switching strategy for emissions reduction in chemical process plants},
            note = {cited By 33},
          volume = {34},
          number = {2},
             doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2008.11.007},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
         journal = {Energy},
           pages = {190--195},
            year = {2009},
        abstract = {The combustion of fossil fuel to provide process heating is the major source of atmospheric pollution. Combustion products such as carbon dioxide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen and particulates are known to be the major causes for global warming, acid rains and smog. This paper presents a combined method of fuel switching and heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit to reduce flue gas emissions. The method is demonstrated using pre-heat train of a crude oil distillation unit as the case study. Target emissions reduction of 50 is achieved at an approximate payback period of 0.44 year on the capital investment due to the combination of the two methods. {\^A}{\copyright} 2009.},
        keywords = {Acid rain; Air pollution; Carbon dioxide; Chemical engineering; Combustion; Crude petroleum; Distillation; Distillation equipment; Emission control; Flue gases; Fossil fuels; Fuels; Gas emissions; Global warming; Heat exchangers; Investments; Retrofitting; Smoke; Sulfur; Sulfur dioxide; Switching; Thermochemistry, Atmospheric pollutions; Capital investments; Chemical process plants; Combined methods; Combined process; Combustion products; Crude oil; Emissions reduction; Flue-gas emissions; Fuel switching; Heat exchanger networks; Oxides of nitrogens; Payback periods; Process heating; Retrofit of HEN, Leakage (fluid), acid rain; atmospheric pollution; carbon dioxide; chemical process; emission control; global warming; heating; nitrogen oxides; strategic approach},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60449100627&doi=10.1016\%2fj.energy.2008.11.007&partnerID=40&md5=861897f18a1057480e056bf1b6cd338a},
            issn = {03605442},
          author = {Mahmoud, A. and Shuhaimi, M. and Abdel Samed, M.}
}