%K Biomass; Cellulose; Chemical bonds; Chemical industry; Formic acid; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Functional groups; Hydrogen bonds; Infrared spectroscopy; Process engineering, Cellulose and hemicellulose; Elevated temperature; FTIR; Kraft lignin; Lignocellulosic biomass; Oxidative cleavages; Phenolic hydroxyl group; Reaction temperature, Lignin, Alkali Lignins; Functional Groups; Hemicelluloses; Hydrogen Bonds; Renewable Resources
%X Lignocellulosic biomass is emerging as a renewable source of feedstock for biorefinery and chemical industry. Lignin, one of the three components of lignocellulosic biomass (together with cellulose and hemicellulose) represents about 22 of the total mass of the Earth's biosphere. Formic acid was used to dissolve lignin at various reaction temperatures. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the influence of temperature on the functional groups of treated lignin. Thermal treatment of lignin with formic acid causes a decrease of OH functional group of lignin and an increase of phenolic hydroxyl groups especially at elevated temperature. Results revealed that formic acid treatment resulted in oxidative cleavage of bonds in the lignin macromolecule, leading to formation of oligomers of lignin. © 2016 The Authors.
%D 2016
%R 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.547
%O cited By 68; Conference of 4th International Conference on Process Engineering and Advanced Materials, ICPEAM 2016 ; Conference Date: 15 August 2016 Through 17 August 2016; Conference Code:131138
%L scholars7509
%J Procedia Engineering
%T A "fourier Transformed Infrared" Compound Study of Lignin Recovered from a Formic Acid Process
%I Elsevier Ltd
%V 148
%A T. Rashid
%A C.F. Kait
%A T. Murugesan
%P 1312-1319