TY  - CONF
SN  - 18777058
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
Y1  - 2016///
VL  - 148
EP  - 289
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014010921&doi=10.1016%2fj.proeng.2016.06.615&partnerID=40&md5=10dbe4430ffccfb22f640ec5c0e13ffa
A1  - Azeem, B.
A1  - KuShaari, K.
A1  - Man, Z.
AV  - none
KW  - Biomolecules; Diffusion; Diffusion coatings; Diffusion in liquids; Fluidized beds; Metabolism; Organic polymers; Plating; Process engineering; Starch; Thickness measurement; Urea
KW  -  Coating thickness; Controlled release; Fluidized bed coating; Release characteristics; Starch biopolymers
KW  -  Coatings
TI  - Effect of Coating Thickness on Release Characteristics of Controlled Release Urea Produced in Fluidized Bed Using Waterborne Starch Biopolymer as Coating Material
ID  - scholars7417
SP  - 282
N1  - cited By 43; Conference of 4th International Conference on Process Engineering and Advanced Materials, ICPEAM 2016 ; Conference Date: 15 August 2016 Through 17 August 2016; Conference Code:131138
N2  - Loss of granular urea through leaching, ammonia volatilization and denitrification can be overcome by the application of controlled release urea. Sulfur and organic polymers have been used as controlled-release coating materials but they have limitations of high cost, process complexity and environmental issues. Waterborne starch biopolymer modified with polyvinyl alcohol is a cheap, biodegradable and environmentally friendly coating material and is used for the production of controlled release urea in a fluidized bed. The effect of coating thickness is investigated on release time and diffusion coefficient of urea release in distilled water. Release time increases with increase in coating thickness. The diffusion coefficient of nutrient release decreases with increase in coating thickness. However, coating imperfections and porous coating in some cases produced the opposite results both for release time and diffusion coefficient. It is concluded that a significant coating thickness in addition to good uniformity of thickness and film integrity can produce promising controlled release characteristics. © 2016 The Authors.
ER  -