%L scholars7085
%J International Journal of Green Energy
%O cited By 16
%N 5
%R 10.1080/15435075.2014.974762
%D 2016
%X In this work we applied base catalyzed transesterification to convert non-edible welted thistle oil (Carduus acanthoides) as new non-edible feedstock into biodiesel (Fatty acid methyl esters). The highest biodiesel yield of 88 was obtained using optimized reaction conditions of 70°C and 5:1 molar ratio (methanol:oil). The synthesized esters were characterize and confirmed by the application of NMR and FT-IR techniques. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy identified different fatty acids as palmatic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), arachidic acid (C20:0), eicosanic acid (C20:1), and erucic acid (C22:1) in the oil of welted thistle. Six corresponding methyl esters reported in welted thistle oil biodiesel includes 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecadienoic acid, 11-eicosanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and 13-docosenoicacid. Fuel properties, such as density @40°C Kg/L (0.8470), kinematic viscosity @ 40°C c St (4.37), flash point (95°C), cloud point (+4°C), pour point (-5°C), and sulfur contents (0.0112 wt) of the biodiesel produced were compatible with American Society for Testing and Materials D 6751 specifications. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
%K Biodiesel; Esters; Gas chromatography; Linoleic acid; Mass spectrometry; Materials testing; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oils and fats; Palmitic acid; Saturated fatty acids; Seed; Synthetic fuels, American society for testing and materials; Biodiesel synthesis; FAMEs; Fatty acid methyl ester; GC-MS; Non-edible oil; Optimized reaction conditions; welted thistle, Fatty acids, bioenergy; biofuel; FTIR spectroscopy; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance; vegetable oil, Carduus acanthoides; Carduus crispus
%P 462-469
%I Taylor and Francis Inc.
%A S. Sultana
%A M. Ahmad
%A M. Zafar
%A K. Ullah
%A M.A. Ashraf
%A M. Ayoub
%A N.M. Tareen
%V 13
%T Biodiesel synthesis and characterization using welted thistle plant (Carduus acanthoides) as source of new non-edible seed oil