TY  - JOUR
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962439404&doi=10.1080%2f15435075.2014.974762&partnerID=40&md5=2e0f6a31087be3062bf8ba2b0e914e2f
PB  - Taylor and Francis Inc.
N1  - cited By 16
IS  - 5
SP  - 462
ID  - scholars7085
SN  - 15435075
TI  - Biodiesel synthesis and characterization using welted thistle plant (Carduus acanthoides) as source of new non-edible seed oil
Y1  - 2016///
A1  - Sultana, S.
A1  - Ahmad, M.
A1  - Zafar, M.
A1  - Ullah, K.
A1  - Ashraf, M.A.
A1  - Ayoub, M.
A1  - Tareen, N.M.
AV  - none
N2  - In this work we applied base catalyzed transesterification to convert non-edible welted thistle oil (Carduus acanthoides) as new non-edible feedstock into biodiesel (Fatty acid methyl esters). The highest biodiesel yield of 88 was obtained using optimized reaction conditions of 70°C and 5:1 molar ratio (methanol:oil). The synthesized esters were characterize and confirmed by the application of NMR and FT-IR techniques. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy identified different fatty acids as palmatic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), arachidic acid (C20:0), eicosanic acid (C20:1), and erucic acid (C22:1) in the oil of welted thistle. Six corresponding methyl esters reported in welted thistle oil biodiesel includes 9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecadienoic acid, 11-eicosanoic acid, eicosanoic acid and 13-docosenoicacid. Fuel properties, such as density @40°C Kg/L (0.8470), kinematic viscosity @ 40°C c St (4.37), flash point (95°C), cloud point (+4°C), pour point (-5°C), and sulfur contents (0.0112 wt) of the biodiesel produced were compatible with American Society for Testing and Materials D 6751 specifications. © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
JF  - International Journal of Green Energy
VL  - 13
KW  - Biodiesel; Esters; Gas chromatography; Linoleic acid; Mass spectrometry; Materials testing; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oils and fats; Palmitic acid; Saturated fatty acids; Seed; Synthetic fuels
KW  -  American society for testing and materials; Biodiesel synthesis; FAMEs; Fatty acid methyl ester; GC-MS; Non-edible oil; Optimized reaction conditions; welted thistle
KW  -  Fatty acids
KW  -  bioenergy; biofuel; FTIR spectroscopy; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance; vegetable oil
KW  -  Carduus acanthoides; Carduus crispus
EP  - 469
ER  -