@article{scholars678,
           title = {Inherent risk assessment-A new concept to evaluate risk in preliminary design stage},
          number = {6},
          volume = {87},
            note = {cited By 63},
             doi = {10.1016/j.psep.2009.08.004},
         journal = {Process Safety and Environmental Protection},
           pages = {371--376},
            year = {2009},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74249102476&doi=10.1016\%2fj.psep.2009.08.004&partnerID=40&md5=3c9837761973f1bd80928562ef2be255},
        keywords = {Consequence estimation; Inherent risk; Inherent safety; Inherently safer design; Quantitative risk assessment, Design; Explosions; Flammable materials; High energy physics; Process design; Risk management; Risk perception, Risk assessment},
        abstract = {Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) has been a very popular and useful methodology which is widely accepted by the industry over the past few decades. QRA is typically carried out at a stage where complete plant has been designed and sited. At that time, the opportunity to include inherent safety design features is limited and may incur higher cost. This paper proposes a new concept to evaluate risk inherent to a process owing to the chemical it uses and the process conditions. The risk assessment tool is integrated with process design simulator (HYSYS) to provide necessary process data as early as the initial design stages, where modifications based on inherent safety principles can still be incorporated to enhance the process safety of the plant. The risk assessment tool consists of two components which calculate the probability and the consequences relating to possible risk due to major accidents. A case study on the potential explosion due to the release of flammable material demonstrates that the tool is capable to identify potential high risk of process streams. Further improvement of the process design is possible by applying inherent safety principles to make the process under consideration inherently safer. Since this tool is fully integrated with HYSYS, re-evaluation of the inherent risk takes very little time and effort. The new tool addresses the lack of systematic methodology and technology, which is one of the barriers to designing inherently safer plants. {\^A}{\copyright} 2009 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.},
          author = {Shariff, A. M. and Leong, C. T.},
            issn = {09575820}
}