@article{scholars674,
            year = {2009},
         journal = {Journal of Membrane Science},
           pages = {16--33},
          number = {1-2},
          volume = {343},
            note = {cited By 43},
             doi = {10.1016/j.memsci.2009.07.001},
           title = {Feed spacer mesh angle: 3D modeling, simulation and optimization based on unsteady hydrodynamic in spiral wound membrane channel},
          author = {Lau, K. K. and Abu Bakar, M. Z. and Ahmad, A. L. and Murugesan, T.},
            issn = {03767388},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68949184708&doi=10.1016\%2fj.memsci.2009.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=f2e75682c4203e00d945a1b75ca5d81d},
        keywords = {Concentration polarization; Feed spacer; Spacer mesh angle; Spiral wound membrane; Unsteady hydrodynamics, Concentration (process); Hydrodynamics; Membrane technology; Optimization; Polarization; Storm sewers; Three dimensional, Fluid dynamics, article; artificial membrane; controlled study; fluid flow; hydrodynamics; mathematical model; membrane transport; priority journal; process optimization; simulation},
        abstract = {Basic knowledge on the hydrodynamics in the spacer-filled spiral wound membrane (SWM) channel is vital for the understanding of the formation of concentration polarization at the membrane interface. In the present study, a 3D laminar transient hydrodynamics modeling approach was used to study and optimize the spacer mesh angle for the SWM feed spacer. Based on the simulated results, the optimal spacer mesh angle that yields the minimum effective concentration polarization factor, was found to be {\^I}{$\pm$}120{\^I}230. Under this optimal mesh angles, spacer {\^I}{$\pm$}120{\^I}230 also demonstrated the highest magnitude of unsteady hydrodynamics (which adjacent to the membrane wall) at a moderate degree of pressure loss. {\^A}{\copyright} 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
}