<> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "The repository administrator has not yet configured an RDF license."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/AcademicArticle> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Article> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of ionic liquid pretreated rubber wood biomass"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/abstract> "The impact of ionic liquids (ILs) namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMimCl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMOAc) on rubber wood pyrolysis kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ILs treated and untreated samples were characterized with FT-IR and elemental (CHNS) analyses. The activation energy for untreated and ILs treated rubber wood (RW) were determined using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Starink methods. The average activation energy calculated using FWO, KAS and Starink methods for untreated rubber wood was 120.15 kJ/mol, 117.10 kJ/mol and 117.60 kJ/mol, BMIMCl treated rubber wood was 87.32 kJ/mol, 77.73 kJ/mol, and 81.16 kJ/mol, while BMIMOAc treated rubber wood was 85.64 kJ/mol, 76.63 kJ/mol, and 80.47 kJ/mol, respectively. Starink method was further used to determine the pre-exponential factor and thermodynamic parameters of untreated and ILs treated samples. The thermo kinetics and thermodynamic parameters indicate that ILs pre-treatment decreases the thermal stability of the rubber wood. From FTIR analysis, it was observed that ILs pre-treatment affected the chemical composition of rubber wood. Elemental analysis showed that ILs treated RW has a higher content of Hydrogen/Carbon ratio because of the separation of lignin and hemicellulose during pre-treatment. It was concluded that ILs pre-treatment provided a potential way to improve the thermal conversion efficiency of rubber wood. © 2016 Elsevier B.V."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/date> "2016" .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs> <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.09.012> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/volume> "223" .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/publication/ext-01677322> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Journal of Molecular Liquids"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-f6b6d277add104b2f4b1a9694c7ab18f> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-4e6de9ba3aee7401c3ba4ac0d5c66a14> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_6> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-4e6de9ba3aee7401c3ba4ac0d5c66a14> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-e8ac0f267eca05ed246fd5a77e6136c8> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-92b9847cd464bc3078206cb989cda0ab> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/authorList> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_8> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-92b9847cd464bc3078206cb989cda0ab> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_9> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-2e193e8f74ee1d1affb8f18e8ad4f750> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-37aa2dced459f4bce992103093f049c3> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707#authors> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_10> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-37aa2dced459f4bce992103093f049c3> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-f6b6d277add104b2f4b1a9694c7ab18f> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-f6b6d277add104b2f4b1a9694c7ab18f> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Z."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-f6b6d277add104b2f4b1a9694c7ab18f> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Ullah"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-f6b6d277add104b2f4b1a9694c7ab18f> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Z. Ullah"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-92b9847cd464bc3078206cb989cda0ab> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-92b9847cd464bc3078206cb989cda0ab> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "G."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-92b9847cd464bc3078206cb989cda0ab> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Gonfa"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-92b9847cd464bc3078206cb989cda0ab> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "G. Gonfa"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-8e60df17366ce5c24034bdb8f3e75985> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-8e60df17366ce5c24034bdb8f3e75985> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "Z."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-8e60df17366ce5c24034bdb8f3e75985> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Man"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-8e60df17366ce5c24034bdb8f3e75985> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Z. Man"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-2e193e8f74ee1d1affb8f18e8ad4f750> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-2e193e8f74ee1d1affb8f18e8ad4f750> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "P."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-2e193e8f74ee1d1affb8f18e8ad4f750> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Ahmad"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-2e193e8f74ee1d1affb8f18e8ad4f750> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "P. Ahmad"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-e8ac0f267eca05ed246fd5a77e6136c8> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-e8ac0f267eca05ed246fd5a77e6136c8> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "M.I."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-e8ac0f267eca05ed246fd5a77e6136c8> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Khan"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-e8ac0f267eca05ed246fd5a77e6136c8> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "M.I. Khan"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-d42462030a66d99f0254f69c575db6e9> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-d42462030a66d99f0254f69c575db6e9> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Bustam"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-d42462030a66d99f0254f69c575db6e9> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "M.A. Bustam"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-3f8d0c85337bc81dcca4790641dd214f> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-3f8d0c85337bc81dcca4790641dd214f> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "C.F."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-3f8d0c85337bc81dcca4790641dd214f> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Kait"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-3f8d0c85337bc81dcca4790641dd214f> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "C.F. Kait"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-4e6de9ba3aee7401c3ba4ac0d5c66a14> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-4e6de9ba3aee7401c3ba4ac0d5c66a14> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "A."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-4e6de9ba3aee7401c3ba4ac0d5c66a14> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Nasrullah"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-4e6de9ba3aee7401c3ba4ac0d5c66a14> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "A. Nasrullah"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-37aa2dced459f4bce992103093f049c3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "N."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-37aa2dced459f4bce992103093f049c3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Muhammad"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-37aa2dced459f4bce992103093f049c3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "N. Muhammad"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-b7418d194c34b318641346f759eda7dd> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-b7418d194c34b318641346f759eda7dd> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName> "A.S."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-b7418d194c34b318641346f759eda7dd> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/familyName> "Khan"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/person/ext-b7418d194c34b318641346f759eda7dd> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "A.S. Khan"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/6707/> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "HTML Summary of #6707 \n\nKinetics and thermodynamic parameters of ionic liquid pretreated rubber wood biomass\n\n" .
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<https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/6707/> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/primaryTopic> <https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/id/eprint/6707> .