@article{scholars637,
            year = {2009},
           pages = {445--450},
         journal = {Particuology},
             doi = {10.1016/j.partic.2009.09.005},
            note = {cited By 4},
          volume = {7},
          number = {6},
           title = {Size-dependent coalescence kernel in fertilizer granulation-A comparative study},
          author = {Roy, P. and Vashishtha, M. and Khanna, R. and Subbarao, D.},
            issn = {16742001},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70849092352&doi=10.1016\%2fj.partic.2009.09.005&partnerID=40&md5=22caf9b159968ae3efb6d027f1a9a89e},
        keywords = {Broad size distribution; Coalescence kernel; Coalescence rate; Comparative studies; Constant kernel; Fluidized bed spray granulation; Granule size; Granule size distribution; Inertial regimes; Key parameters; Key process; Overall rate; Pelletisation; Population balance modeling; Population balances; Two stage; Wide size distribution, Aerosols; Agglomeration; Fertilizers; Fluidization; Fluidized bed process; Fluidized beds; Granulation; Particles (particulate matter); Pelletizing; Size determination; Size distribution, Coalescence},
        abstract = {Granulation is a key process in several industries like pharmaceutical, food, fertilizer, agrochemicals, etc. Population balance modeling has been used extensively for modeling agglomeration in many systems such as crystallization, aerosols, pelletisation, etc. The key parameter is the coalescence kernel, {\^I}2(i,j) which dictates the overall rate of coalescence as well as the effect of granule size on coalescence rate. Adetayo, Litster, Pratsinis, and Ennis (1995) studied fertilizer granulation with a broad size distribution and modeled it with a two-stage kernel. A constant kernel can be applied to those granules which coalesce successfully. The coalescence model gives conditions for two types of coalescence, Type I and II. A two-stage kernel, which is necessary to model granule size distribution over a wide size distribution, is applied in the present fluidized bed spray granulation process. The first stage is size-independent and non-inertial regime, and is followed by a size-dependent stage in which collisions between particles are non-random, i.e. inertial regime. The present work is focused on the second stage kernel where the feed particles of volume i and j collide and form final granule ij instead of i + j (Adetayo et al., 1995) which gives a wider particle size distribution of granules than proposed earlier. {\^A}{\copyright} 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences.}
}