TY  - JOUR
VL  - 6
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006184510&doi=10.1080%2f2093761X.2015.1057876&partnerID=40&md5=13d5c3a0ce02195d30629501b8096323
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development
A1  - Shafiq, N.
A1  - Nurrudin, M.F.
A1  - Gardezi, S.S.S.
A1  - Kamaruzzaman, A.B.
Y1  - 2015///
KW  - carbon emission; carbon footprint; concrete; greenhouse gas; life cycle analysis; multistorey building; steel
KW  -  Malaysia
ID  - scholars6090
N2  - Concrete and steel are considered the main structural building materials in today's construction. A fair amount of carbon footprint known as embodied carbon footprint is released during their extraction to ultimate utilisation in construction activities. However, quantification and evaluation of the embodied carbon footprint from structural materials of various grades was lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in embodied carbon footprint potential when various classes/grades of concrete and steel in six different combinations were adopted during the design and planning phase using life-cycle analysis (LCA). Building information modelling (BIM) was utilised to virtually construct a two-storey conventional office building, and embodied carbon footprints for each of the six models were quantified. The study highlighted that up to 31 of embodied carbon footprint was avoided from the building. Model M1 (G25XS280) yielded the highest whereas model M4 (G35XS460) was the lowest in contribution. The study also concluded that a considerable amount of reduction in carbon footprint is possible simply by adopting different classes of structural construction materials. The results are expected to help the designers to select best combination of structural materials in future. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
IS  - 3
EP  - 172
SN  - 2093761X
PB  - Taylor and Francis Ltd.
TI  - Carbon footprint assessment of a typical low rise office building in Malaysia using building information modelling (BIM)
SP  - 157
N1  - cited By 47
AV  - none
ER  -