@inproceedings{scholars605,
           pages = {27--33},
           title = {Neuro-fuzzy and PSO based model for the steam and cooling sections of a Cogeneration and Cooling Plant (CCP)},
         address = {Malacca},
         journal = {ICEE 2009 - Proceeding 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment: Advancement Towards Global Sustainability},
             doi = {10.1109/ICEENVIRON.2009.5398677},
            year = {2009},
            note = {cited By 8; Conference of 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy and Environment: Advancement Towards Global Sustainability, ICEE 2009 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2009 Through 8 December 2009; Conference Code:79537},
            isbn = {9781424451456},
          author = {Tamiru, A. L. and Rangkuti, C. and Hashim, F. M.},
        abstract = {Developing a first principle nonlinear model for a thermal system that is already in operation is a very difficult task attributed to missing design parameters. This paper considers nonlinear modeling of subunits of a Cogeneration and Cooling Plant (CCP) -Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), Steam Header (SH) and Steam Absorption Chiller (SAC). Neuro-fuzzy approach trained by a sequence of optimization algorithms - Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) followed by Back-Propagation (BP) -is used to develop models for the steam drum pressure, steam drum water level, steam flow rate and chilled water supply temperature. It includes the calculation of model confidence intervals (CI) based on the assumption that model and measurement errors are normally distributed and independent. Real operation data collected from Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS CCP is used to train and validate the models. Varying the probability in reading the percentage value of t - distribution for fixed degrees of freedom, a test is also performed on the capacity of the models for fault detection. The results show that the technique can be used to develop a substitute model for the three units, with the confidence level decided by the user. {\^A}{\copyright}2009 IEEE.},
        keywords = {A-thermal; Chilled water; Confidence interval; Confidence levels; Cooling plants; Cooling section; Degrees of freedom; Design parameters; First-principles; Heat recovery steam generators; Neuro-Fuzzy; Neuro-fuzzy approach; Non-linear model; Nonlinear modeling; Optimization algorithms; PETRONAS; Steam absorption; Steam drums; Steam flow rate; Steam headers; T-distribution, Absorption; Backpropagation; Cooling; Cooling systems; Cooling towers; Descaling; Fault detection; Financial data processing; Measurement errors; Normal distribution; Optical communication; Refrigerators; Steam; Steam generators; Sustainable development; Waste heat; Water conservation; Water levels; Water supply, Particle swarm optimization (PSO)},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949582178&doi=10.1109\%2fICEENVIRON.2009.5398677&partnerID=40&md5=0bbb28388e57ca158533328a390b24e7}
}