%P 521-526
%T Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst
%I Elsevier Ltd
%V 77
%A Z. Ullah
%A M.A. Bustam
%A Z. Man
%O cited By 156
%L scholars5958
%J Renewable Energy
%D 2015
%R 10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.040
%K Biodiesel; Catalysts; Esterification; Esters; Fatty acids; Liquids; Oil shale; Oils and fats; Palm oil; Synthetic fuels; Transesterification, Acidic ionic liquids; Biodiesel production; High free fatty acids; Hydrogensulfate; Physio-chemical properties; Transesterification reaction; Two-step process; Waste cooking oil, Ionic liquids, biofuel; catalyst; fatty acid; methanol; physicochemical property
%X The production of biodiesel from waste palm cooking oil using acidic ionic liquid as a catalyst was investigated. Generally, alkaline based catalysts are used to catalyze the transesterification reaction, but for waste cooking oil where it contains high free fatty acids, direct usage is not possible due to separation of layers and saponification problems. In this study, a two-step process i.e. esterification and transesterification was performed. The ionic liquid butyl-methyl imidazolium hydrogensulfate (BMIMHSO4) was found to be effective due to its longer side chain. The highest biodiesel Yield was obtained with 5wt. BMIMHSO4, methanol:oil of 15:1, 60min reaction time, at 160°C, and agitation speed of 600rpm, reduced the waste cooking oil acid value lower than 1.0mg KOH/g. The second step of transesterification catalyzed by KOH at 60°C, 1.0wt. and 60min of reaction time. The final yield was 95.65wt.. The synthesized biodiesel was analysed by 1H NMR, FTIR TGA and GC, and its physiochemical properties were determined by standard ASTM methods. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.