@article{scholars5919,
            year = {2015},
           pages = {3044--3053},
         journal = {Desalination and Water Treatment},
       publisher = {Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.},
             doi = {10.1080/19443994.2014.906326},
          number = {11},
            note = {cited By 27},
          volume = {54},
           title = {Comparative study on structural modification of Ceiba pentandra for oil sorption and palm oil mill effluent treatment},
            issn = {19443994},
          author = {Abdullah, M. A. and Afzaal, M. and Ismail, Z. and Ahmad, A. and Nazir, M. S. and Bhat, A. H.},
        keywords = {Ceiba pentandra},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929655007&doi=10.1080\%2f19443994.2014.906326&partnerID=40&md5=dfad2e4a71a1bc6278c606ceaf09de97},
        abstract = {Abstract: The performance of raw Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn (raw kapok fibers (RKF)) for oil sorption and palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment was compared with structurally modified kapok (NaOH-treated (SKF) and surface-modified kapok fiber (SMKF)) and bentonite clay. Based on FTIR, kapok wax functional group at 1726/cm was not detected in SKF rendering higher hydrophilicity. The reduction in peak intensity at 473 and 523/cm upon HCl treatment of bentonite, suggests the cleavage of Si{\^a}??O{\^a}??Al bond layer and Si{\^a}??O{\^a}??Mg (Fe) bonds. For filtration under gravity at 0.08 g/cm3, SKF showed high POME sorption of 82 g/g, but lower diesel sorption of 23 g/g. With HCl-treated bentonite, POME sorption at 69 g/g was only slightly higher than diesel sorption of 60 g/g. However, RKF and raw bentonite achieved higher removal efficiency of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon, and total nitrogen at 74{\^a}??98 and 72{\^a}??94, respectively, than with SKF at 66{\^a}??80, and HCl-treated bentonite at 64{\^a}??80. In batch mode, SMKF at 0.08 g/cm3 showed the highest oil sorption capacity of 56.7 g/g for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and 33.7 g/g for diesel. Under continuous mode with 4000 mg/l CPO in water, 99 of COD removal was achieved at all packing densities and flow rates, regardless of kapok packing material. The dynamic oil retention was 96{\^a}??99 for CPO and 99{\^a}??100 for diesel at all packing densities. RKF and SMKF can both be suitable sorbent materials for CPO and diesel sorption, and for POME treatment. {\^A}{\copyright} 2014 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.}
}