@inproceedings{scholars5667,
            year = {2015},
             doi = {10.1109/ISCAIE.2015.7298335},
            note = {cited By 0; Conference of IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics, ISCAIE 2015 ; Conference Date: 12 April 2015 Through 14 April 2015; Conference Code:117246},
           pages = {95--99},
       publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.},
         journal = {ISCAIE 2015 - 2015 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics},
           title = {Ant Colony Optimization of feeder bus routes for electric train service},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959053683&doi=10.1109\%2fISCAIE.2015.7298335&partnerID=40&md5=970e79da43f93040cb6097464400f8db},
        keywords = {Artificial intelligence; Bus transportation; Buses; Feeding; Industrial electronics; Optimization; Travel time, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO); Electric trains; Feeder bus; Major cities; Objective functions; Public transportation; Route optimization, Ant colony optimization},
        abstract = {The Electric Train Service (ETS) was introduced as a faster, safer, greener and more reliable mode of public transportation between the major cities of Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur. This service holds great potential in benefitting the society and the nation. A significant issue which affects the effectiveness of the ETS however, is the absence of an efficient feeder bus system. This paper presents a research to design a efficient and effective feeder bus route using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique. The objective function is designed such that the optimized route should provide the broadest service coverage, highest operation profit, shortest total travel time, and meet the highest demand. For the intents and purposes of this research, the Ipoh, Perak ETS station has been selected as a case study. The results obtained from simulations show that solving the route optimization problem using ACO can yield a wide coverage route which provides highly efficient and effective feeder bus service. {\^A}{\copyright} 2015 IEEE.},
          author = {Azam, S. F. M. and Drieberg, M. and Lai, F.-W.},
            isbn = {9781479989690}
}