@article{scholars5472,
           pages = {463--470},
         journal = {Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology},
       publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},
            year = {2014},
           title = {Novel Surfactant for the Reduction of CO2/Brine Interfacial Tension},
             doi = {10.1080/01932691.2013.794111},
          number = {3},
            note = {cited By 18},
          volume = {35},
        abstract = {The synthesis of novel CO2 philic surfactant using maleic anhydride and dipropylene tertiary butyl alcohol is reported. The synthesis involved the esterification of maleic anhydride to produce bis(2-(2-(tert-butoxy)propoxy)propyl) maleate and subsequent sulfonation of the esterified product. Para toluene sulfonic acid was employed as catalyst for the esterification reaction. The esterification reaction was optimized for the maximum yield of 98 of bis(2-(2-(tert-butoxy)propoxy)propyl) maleate. The esterification reaction kinetics employing heterogeneous catalyst were also studied. Although this is a bimolecular reaction, a first order reaction kinetics with respect to acid has been observed. The activation energy was found to be 58.71 kJ/mol. The diester was followed by the sulfonation process and a yield of 85 of surfactant was achieved. The synthesized surfactant successfully lowered down the IFT between CO2/brine to 1.93 mN/m. This surfactant has a great potential to be used for CO2-EOR applications. {\^A}{\copyright} 2014 Copyright Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},
        keywords = {Activation energy; Association reactions; Catalysts; Enzyme kinetics; Esterification; Esters; Kinetics; Maleic anhydride; Reaction kinetics; Sulfonation; Surface active agents; Surface tension, Bimolecular reaction; EOR; Esterification reactions; First order reactions; Heterogeneous catalyst; Reduction of co; Sulfonation process; Tertiary butyl alcohols, Carbon dioxide},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896092281&doi=10.1080\%2f01932691.2013.794111&partnerID=40&md5=e7c8eab293d2da64d2517568317cf96d},
            issn = {01932691},
          author = {Sagir, M. and Tan, I. M. and Mushtaq, M. and Ismail, L. and Nadeem, M. and Azam, M. R. and Hashmet, M. R.}
}