@article{scholars4805,
             doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.625.813},
            note = {cited By 3; Conference of 3rd International Conference on Process Engineering and Advanced Materials, ICPEAM 2014 ; Conference Date: 3 June 2014 Through 5 June 2014; Conference Code:114811},
          volume = {625},
           title = {Bismuth-modified hydroxyapatite carbon electrode for heavy metal detection in biomatrices},
            year = {2014},
           pages = {813--817},
       publisher = {Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
         journal = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
          author = {Ajab, H. and Khan, A. A. A. and Dennis, J. O. and Abdullah, M. A.},
            issn = {16609336},
            isbn = {9783038351818},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84914104721&doi=10.4028\%2fwww.scientific.net\%2fAMM.625.813&partnerID=40&md5=e67396e5f831392acb71d85463c26760},
        keywords = {Bismuth; Blood; Body fluids; Carbon; Deposition; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrochemical sensors; Heavy metals; Hydroxyapatite; Voltammetry, Blood serum; Carbon electrode; Deposition potential; Electrochemical characteristics; Heavy metal detection; Hydroxyapatite (HAp); Signal-to-background ratio; Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, Electrodes},
        abstract = {Micro-analytical based sensors with complex biomatrices such as blood, urine, or saliva are of increasing interest in health-care sector because of their sensitivity, selectively and simplicity. A modified carbon electrode with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Bismuth (II) was developed to detect Pb2+ concentration in blood sera from healthy persons. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry was used for the detection of Pb2+ by the interacting capability of the Bi film and HAp on the electrode surface with the optimised parameters of deposition time 240sec, deposition potential {\^a}??1.0 V in 0.1M acetate buffer followed by square wave potential scan from -1.0 V to -0.2V. Bi film deposited HAp-CME showed attractive electrochemical characteristics with high sensitivity for Pb2+. Clear current peaks for different Pb2+ concentrations were observed around -0.55V, with favourable signal-to-background ratio, and comparatively free from oxygen interferences. {\^A}{\copyright} 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.}
}