TY  - JOUR
EP  - 214
SN  - 18645631
PB  - Wiley-VCH Verlag
TI  - Sulfonation of phenols extracted from the pyrolysis oil of oil palm shells for enhanced oil recovery
SP  - 210
N1  - cited By 15
AV  - none
VL  - 1
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-48849103081&doi=10.1002%2fcssc.200700083&partnerID=40&md5=dd70729eef566d6f6cf87e90bd20100d
A1  - Awang, M.
A1  - Seng, G.M.
JF  - ChemSusChem
Y1  - 2008///
KW  - Aldehydes; Biomass; Byproducts; Carboxylic acids; Critical micelle concentration; Enhanced recovery; Oil fields; Organic solvents; Sulfonation; Surface active agents; Surface tension; Vegetable oils
KW  -  Complex mixture; Enhanced oil recovery; Liquid-liquid extraction; Oil palm; Original oil in places; Palm oil; Phenolic compounds; Pyrolysis oil
KW  -  Phenols
KW  -  Elaeis
KW  -  palm oil; phenol; polymer; sulfone; sulfonic acid derivative; surfactant; vegetable oil
KW  -  alkylation; article; chemistry; cost; isolation and purification
KW  -  Alkylation; Costs and Cost Analysis; Phenol; Plant Oils; Polymers; Sulfones; Sulfonic Acids; Surface-Active Agents
ID  - scholars474
N2  - The cost of chemicals prohibits many technically feasible enhanced oil recovery methods to be applied in oil fields. It is shown that by-products from oil palm processing can be a source of valuable chemicals. Analysis of the pyrolysis oil from oil palm shells, a by-product of the palm oil industry, reveals a complex mixture of mainly phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes. The phenolic compounds were extracted from the pyrolysis oil by liquid-liquid extraction using alkali and an organic solvent and analyzed, indicating the presence of over 93 phenols and phenolic compounds. Simultaneous sulfonation and alkylation of the pyrolysis oil was carried out to produce surfactants for application in oil fields. The lowest measured surface tension and critical micelle concentration was 30.2 mNm-1 and 0.22 wt , respectively. Displacement tests showed that 7-14 of the original oil in place was recovered by using a combination of surfactants and xanthan (polymer) as additives. © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
IS  - 3
ER  -