@article{scholars4458,
         journal = {Journal of Nano Research},
       publisher = {Trans Tech Publications Ltd},
           pages = {135--142},
            year = {2014},
           title = {Application of electromagnetic waves and dielectric nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery},
          volume = {26},
            note = {cited By 33},
             doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.26.135},
        keywords = {Electromagnetic waves; Irradiation; Nanofluidics; Nanoparticles; Noninvasive medical procedures; Petroleum reservoir engineering; Petroleum reservoirs; Recovery; Sodium dodecyl sulfate; Viscosity, Commercial surfactants; Conventional methods; Dielectric nanoparticles; Electromagnetic irradiation; Enhanced oil recovery; High temperature and high pressures (HTHP); Noninvasive methods; Oil water interfaces, Enhanced recovery},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891766315&doi=10.4028\%2fwww.scientific.net\%2fJNanoR.26.135&partnerID=40&md5=7a2da8319a85e5f538ae7a6755572ff4},
        abstract = {Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) refers to the recovery of oil that is left behind in a reservoir after primary and secondary recovery methods, either due to exhaustion or no longer economical, through application of thermal, chemical or miscible gas processes. Most conventional methods are not applicable in recovering oil from reservoirs with high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) due to the degradation of the chemicals in the environment. As an alternative, electromagnetic (EM) energy has been used as a thermal method to reduce the viscosity of the oil in a reservoir which increased the production of the oil. Application of nanotechnology in EOR has also been investigated. In this study, a non-invasive method of injecting dielectric nanofluids into the oil reservoir simultaneously with electromagnetic irradiation, with the intention to create disturbance at oil-water interfaces and increase oil production was investigated. During the core displacement tests, it has been demonstrated that in the absence of EM irradiation, both ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids recovered higher residual oil volumes in comparison with commercial surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). When subjected to EM irradiation, an even higher residual oil was recovered in comparison to the case when no irradiation is present. It was also demonstrated that a change in the viscosity of dielectric nanofluids when irradiated with EM wave will improve sweep efficiency and hence, gives a higher oil recovery. {\^A}{\copyright} (2014) Trans Tech Publications.},
            issn = {16625250},
          author = {Zaid, H. M. and Latiff, N. R. A. and Yahya, N. and Soleimani, H. and Shafie, A.}
}