TY  - JOUR
VL  - 64
JF  - Grasas y Aceites
A1  - Mushtaq, M.
A1  - Tan, I.M.
A1  - Nadeem, M.
A1  - Devi, C.
A1  - Lee, S.Y.C.
A1  - Sagir, M.
A1  - Rashid, U.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873624342&doi=10.3989%2fgya.084612&partnerID=40&md5=12e45f9541a790eea8b9ed68aa49360c
Y1  - 2013///
ID  - scholars4042
KW  - Central composite rotatable design; Epoxidation reactions; Epoxidized methyl esters; Hydrogen peroxide concentration; Jatropha oil; Optimization studies; Response surface methodology; Significant variables
KW  -  Characterization; Esterification; Esters; Formic acid; Hydrogen; Hydrogen peroxide; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Optimization; Peroxides; Surface properties
KW  -  Epoxidation
KW  -  Insectivora; Jatropha
N2  - The optimization of the epoxidation reaction of methyl esters obtained from Jatropha oil was appraised. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed for the experimental design. Four reaction variables namely hydrogen peroxide/ C=C mole ratio, formic acid/C=C mole ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were evaluated. The optimum epoxidation conditions calculated by the quadratic model were 3.12 moles of hydrogen peroxide/C=C moles, 0.96 moles of formic acid/C=C moles, a reaction temperature of 70.0 °C and a reaction time of 277 minutes. A reaction optimized by the proposed process parameters provided a yield of 92.89 ± 1.29 wt. with relatively improved reaction time. Hydrogen peroxide concentration and reaction temperature were found to be the most significant variables while reaction temperature and hydrogen peroxide showed strong interactions. The epoxidized methyl esters were analyzed using FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques. This study suggested relatively higher molar ratio of formic acid required than was proposed in the literature.
IS  - 1
EP  - 114
SN  - 00173495
SP  - 103
TI  - Epoxidation of methyl esters derived from Jatropha oil: An optimization study
N1  - cited By 18
AV  - none
ER  -