TY  - JOUR
JF  - Green Energy and Technology
SN  - 18653529
TI  - Pre-treatment of Malaysian Agricultural Wastes Toward Biofuel Production
N1  - cited By 1
ID  - scholars3942
N2  - Various renewable energy technologies are under considerable interest due to the projected depletion of our primary sources of energy and global warming associated with their utilizations. One of the alternatives under focus is renewable fuels produced from agricultural wastes. Malaysia, being one of the largest producers of palm oil, generates abundant agricultural wastes such as fibers, shells, fronds, and trunks with the potential to be converted to biofuels. However, prior to conversion of these materials to useful products, pre-treatment of biomass is essential as it influences the energy utilization in the conversion process and feedstock quality. This chapter focuses on pre-treatment technology of palm-based agriculture waste prior to conversion to solid, liquid, and gas fuel. Pre-treatment methods can be classified into physical, thermal, biological, and chemicals or any combination of these methods. Selecting the most suitable pre-treatment method could be very challenging due to complexities of biomass properties. Physical treatment involves grinding and sieving of biomass into various particle sizes whereas thermal treatment consists of pyrolysis and torrefaction processes. Additionally biological and chemical treatment using enzymes and chemicals to derive lignin from biomass are also discussed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884219298&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-642-32735-3_17&partnerID=40&md5=99fd911c141a2877ba9b590ad80cb242
EP  - 416
A1  - Yusup, S.
A1  - Ahmad, M.M.
A1  - Uemura, Y.
A1  - Ali, R.M.
A1  - Azmi, A.S.
A1  - Mohamad, M.F.
A1  - Lay, S.L.
SP  - 393
PB  - Springer Verlag
KW  - Agricultural robots; Agricultural wastes; Agriculture; Biofuels; Biomass; Chemicals; Energy utilization; Global warming; Indicators (chemical); Palm oil; Particle size
KW  -  Biological; Chemical treatments; Physical; Physical treatments; Pre-Treatment; Pretreatment methods; Renewable energy technologies; Thermal
KW  -  Waste treatment
Y1  - 2013///
AV  - none
VL  - 115
ER  -