@article{scholars3870,
            note = {cited By 2},
            year = {2013},
         journal = {WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment},
       publisher = {WITPress},
          volume = {179 VO},
           title = {Design and performance investigation of a thermal back-up system for hybrid drying},
             doi = {10.2495/SC130782},
           pages = {921--931},
            issn = {17433541},
        keywords = {burning; design; equipment; operations technology; performance assessment; solar power; temperature profile},
          author = {Yassen, T. A. and Al-Kayiem, H. H. and Habib, K.},
            isbn = {9781845647469},
        abstract = {A major setback in the solar drying technique is the lack of solar energy during cloudy and rainy days as well as during the night. Thus, the hybrid solar - thermal drying techniques are feasible as a practical solution. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and test of a thermal back-up unit comprising a burner and a gas to gas heat exchanger. The test was accomplished with a feeding rate of 0.426 and 0.271 kg/hr of coal. Results have shown that the temperature of the supplied hot air at the feeding rate of 0.426 kg/hr, was higher than the ambient temperature by 60{\^A}oC maximum, while it is 40{\^A}oC maximum with feeding rate of 0.271 kg/hr. The decrease in the feeding rate of coal leads to a stable hot air temperature for a long time of burning. The present thermal back-up unit is feasible for providing hot air suitable for the drying of any type of agriculture, forest, and food products. The advantage of using such a system is important in the rural areas, where it operates and performs hybrid drying, free of electricity. {\^A}{\copyright} 2013 WIT Press.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896101446&doi=10.2495\%2fSC130782&partnerID=40&md5=d8f0eb5c2ac4fb600955b7d277d0d612}
}