@article{scholars3753,
            note = {cited By 45; Conference of 2012 International Conference on Advanced Materials Engineering and Technology, ICAMET 2012 ; Conference Date: 28 November 2012 Through 30 November 2012; Conference Code:95061},
            year = {2013},
         journal = {Advanced Materials Research},
         address = {Penang},
          volume = {626},
           title = {Improvement of hydrophobicity of urea modified tapioca starch film with lignin for slow release fertilizer},
             doi = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.626.350},
           pages = {350--354},
        keywords = {Chemically modified; Crosslinker; Fourier transform infrared; High potential; Slow release fertilizers; Tapioca starch; Water uptake, Fertilizers; Hydrophobicity; Lignin; Metabolism; Starch, Urea},
          author = {Ariyanti, S. and Zakaria, M. and Azmi, B. M.},
            isbn = {9783037855713},
            issn = {10226680},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872593249&doi=10.4028\%2fwww.scientific.net\%2fAMR.626.350&partnerID=40&md5=2322dd1a531d89f236bb97737c64457e},
        abstract = {Tapioca starch was chemically modified with urea in the presence of borate as crosslinker and catalyst. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and viscosity were performed to measure qualitatively the reactivity of the mixture. To improve the hydrophobicity, 10 of lignin (10L) was then added into the starch-urea-borate (SUB) system. The incorporation of lignin leads to lower water uptake film. It was found that lignin retards the urea release and the SUB10L film is stable and stayed intact for one month after immersing in water which shows high potential as a biopolymer for slow release fertilizer. {\^A}{\copyright} (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.}
}