@article{scholars3652,
           title = {Investigation of low back pain using system modeling},
            note = {cited By 2},
          volume = {19},
          number = {5},
             doi = {10.1166/asl.2013.4500},
         journal = {Advanced Science Letters},
           pages = {1260--1264},
            year = {2013},
        abstract = {This paper focuses on characterization of intervertebral disc behavior upon fatigue stress. It consists in in-vitro experiments to measure intervertebral disc deformation with regard to forces applied to produce fatigues test. In this paper, a system modeling based non-invasive method to assess back pain is proposed which may be used for designing of prediction model to predict the failure of intervertebral disc (IVD) experiencing fatigue loading. An artificial compression fracture was simulated in the lower level of vertebra followed by a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement injection. Fatigue loading was applied on the specimens and the load was incrementally increased form 650 N to 950 N to 1150 N. The resulting curves were then modeled with black box models as Autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) and Autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX). The approach of analysis ma y also be used for studying the behavioral change of spine against cyclical loading. System Identification (SI) based ARX modeling technique and ARMAX linear parametric modeling techniques with force and displacement, as input and output respectively, measured from four level osteoporotic thoracic motion segments from human spines were used to model the input-output behavior of the system and to capture it's dynamics for the analysis of fatigue loaded IVD. Results show good accuracy for different tests and also a comparison between ARX and ARMAX models are presented for different testing conditions. {\^A}{\copyright} 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876838455&doi=10.1166\%2fasl.2013.4500&partnerID=40&md5=e3f69ac793043debc3776f736d75281e},
            issn = {19366612},
          author = {Khan, M. F. and Malik, A. S. and Xia, L. and Wang, J.-L. and Nikkhoo, M. and Parnianpour, M. and Khan, M. I.}
}