@article{scholars3158,
          volume = {126},
            note = {cited By 111},
             doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.018},
           title = {Gasifier selection, design and gasification of oil palm fronds with preheated and unheated gasifying air},
            year = {2012},
       publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
         journal = {Bioresource Technology},
           pages = {224--232},
            issn = {09608524},
          author = {Guangul, F. M. and Sulaiman, S. A. and Ramli, A.},
        keywords = {palm oil; vegetable oil, air; article; biotechnology; chemistry; equipment; flow kinetics; gas; heat; methodology; oxidation reduction reaction; plant leaf, Air; Biotechnology; Gases; Hot Temperature; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Rheology},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867310227&doi=10.1016\%2fj.biortech.2012.09.018&partnerID=40&md5=b32cd4161f3573b2733088ce1b4f1ff4},
        abstract = {Oil palm frond biomass is abundantly available in Malaysia, but underutilized. In this study, gasifiers were evaluated based on the available literature data and downdraft gasifiers were found to be the best option for the study of oil palm fronds gasification. A downdraft gasifier was constructed with a novel height adjustment mechanism for changing the position of gasifying air and steam inlet. The oil palm fronds gasification results showed that preheating the gasifying air improved the volumetric percentage of H2 from 8.47 to 10.53, CO from 22.87 to 24.94, CH4 from 2.02 to 2.03, and higher heating value from 4.66 to 5.31 MJ/Nm3 of the syngas. In general, the results of the current study demonstrated that oil palm fronds can be used as an alternative energy source in the energy diversification plan of Malaysia through gasification, along with, the resulting syngas quality can be improved by preheating the gasifying air.}
}