@article{scholars3153,
            note = {cited By 0; Conference of 11th International Conference on Water Pollution: Modelling, Monitoring and Management - Water Pollution XI, WP 2012 ; Conference Date: 10 July 2012 Through 12 July 2012; Conference Code:92767},
          volume = {164},
             doi = {10.2495/WP120351},
           title = {Application of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treatment of refinery wastewater containing nickel},
         address = {New Forest},
            year = {2012},
         journal = {WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment},
       publisher = {WITPress},
           pages = {403--411},
          author = {Malakahmad, A. and Ishak, S. and Nasoha, U. N. and Isa, M. H. and Kutty, S. R.},
            issn = {17433541},
            isbn = {9781845646080},
             url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867919277&doi=10.2495\%2fWP120351&partnerID=40&md5=7d164e23abee084341021f01739eea2c},
        keywords = {bioreactor; chemical oxygen demand; effluent; nickel; physicochemical property; pollutant removal; waste treatment; wastewater},
        abstract = {A petroleum refinery is a complex combination of interdependent industrial processes that generate wastewater effluent containing hydrocarbons, heavy metals and dissolved minerals which cause harmful effects to human and environment. While physicochemical systems are widely accepted as effective methods for treatment of industrial wastewater, biological processes are beginning to play an increasing role in the treatment of metal containing effluents. The objective of the present study is to investigate the biological treatment of refinery wastewater containing nickel. The SBR performance was assessed by measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS), Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid (MLVSS) as well as nickel concentrations. The SBR was operated on a 12-hour cycle basis which consisted of five distinct modes: fill, react, settle, draw, and idle. The wastewater was brought from an equalization tank of a refinery plant and was fed to the reactor after characterization. The nickel concentration ranged from 2.3 to 2.6 mg/L. The experimental results demonstrate COD and nickel removal efficiencies of 70-90 and 77-80, respectively. {\^A}{\copyright} 201 WIT Press.}
}