TY  - JOUR
N2  - In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from freshwater fish scales and saltwater fish scales using thermal decomposition method at various temperatures. The percentages of HAp in each species of raw fish scales were analysed using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the present of HA. The crystallinity of the HAp was studied using x-ray diffractometer (XRD). TGA and FTIR are found to be useful techniques to predict the composition of the HAp present in the fish scales. The results show that the composition of HAp in the fish scales was not significantly dependent on the species of the fish. The percentage of HAp in the fish scales ranged from 40 to 45 wt. The heating temperature had an effect on the crystallinity and colour of the HAp produced. Results from FTIR and XRD confirmed that the HAp extracted from fish scales was similar to the HAp standard. However, the natural HAp produced from saltwater fish scales was more crystalline than that produced from freshwater fish scales. The HAp produced from this study is relatively cheap and more importantly they are HALAL for four billion Muslims population around the world. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
JF  - Advanced Materials Research
VL  - 545
AV  - none
EP  - 239
KW  - Crystallinities; Fish scale; Fourier transform infrared; Freshwater fishes; FTIR; Heating temperatures; Physicochemical property; Thermogravimetry analysis; X ray diffractometers; XRD
KW  -  Decomposition; Hydroxyapatite; Nanotechnology; Pyrolysis; Thermogravimetric analysis
KW  -  Fish
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868267650&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMR.545.235&partnerID=40&md5=1e0d07a2348e418f8c40ae2daad1465c
CY  - Kuala Lumpur
ID  - scholars2686
TI  - Physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite extracted from fish scales
SN  - 10226680
Y1  - 2012///
A1  - Zainol, I.
A1  - Alwi, N.M.
A1  - Abidin, M.Z.
A1  - Haniza, H.M.Z.
A1  - Ahmad, M.S.
A1  - Ramli, A.
N1  - cited By 13; Conference of 2nd International Conference on the Advancement of Materials and Nanotechnology, ICAMN II 2010 ; Conference Date: 29 November 2010 Through 1 December 2010; Conference Code:92649
SP  - 235
ER  -