%O cited By 0; Conference of 2nd International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Sciences 2012, ICFAS 2012 ; Conference Date: 12 June 2012 Through 14 June 2012
%P 152-156
%C Kuala Lumpur
%R 10.1063/1.4757456
%T Study of airwaves at various offsets in sea bed logging (SBL)
%A M.K. Khairuddin
%A H.M. Zaid
%A A. Shafie
%A N. Yahya
%J AIP Conference Proceedings
%L scholars2575
%V 1482
%D 2012
%X Application of Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) method in shallow water exploration has been a challenge due to the interference of airwaves with electromagnetic field and the background resistivity variations. This paper will discuss the airwaves at various offsets in SBL for various depths. Simulations of the sea bed environments without the presence of hydrocarbon were carried out using CST EM Studio 2009, where the depth of the saline water was varied from 10000 m to 500 m, with 500 m decrement. Based on the simulation results, it was observed that at near offset, most of the readings were dominated by direct wave, while the airwaves start to dominate at farther offset. It is also observed that the airwaves will become dominant at farther offset while airwaves are more dominant at nearer offset for shallow water. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.