eprintid: 20594
rev_number: 3
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/02/05/94
datestamp: 2026-06-23 07:21:36
lastmod: 2026-06-23 07:21:36
status_changed: 2026-06-23 07:21:36
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Yaqoob, Saima
creators_name: Ling, Tee Kai
creators_name: Ghani, Jaharah A
creators_name: Jouini, Nabil
creators_name: Juri, Afifah Z
creators_name: Che Haron, Che Hassan
creators_name: Sheik Muhamad, Shalina
title: Machinability study of hardened steel under cryo-lubrication using coated tools in high-speed turning process
ispublished: pub
keywords: Carbide cutting tools; Carbides; Cutting; Hardening; Machinability; Turning; Wear of materials; Chip morphologies; Cryo-lubrication; Cutting forces; Depth of cut; Feedrate; Hard turning; Lubrication /; Minimum quantity lubrication; Tool life; Wear mechanisms; Tribology
note: Cited by: 1
abstract: Hard turning is increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to conventional grinding for finishing hardened steel components. However, high thermo-mechanical loads generated during dry turning can leads to accelerated tool wear and surface integrity issues. To address these limitations, sustainable practices such as cryogenic cooling (LN<sub>2</sub>) and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) have been explored. Although both techniques have demonstrated promising results independently, their combined use as cryo-lubrication strategy remains an emerging research area, especially for hard turning using coated carbide tools. In this context, this study investigates the machinability of hardened AISI 4340 steel under cryo-lubrication (LN<sub>2</sub>+MQL). Machining parameters including cutting speed (V)â��=â��300â��350â� m/min, feed rate (f)â��=â��0.05â��0.1â� mm/rev, and depth of cut (doc)â��=â��0.1â��0.2â� mm were arranged as per Taguchi L<sub>4</sub>orthogonal array to evaluate machinability based on cutting force, tool life, wear mechanisms and chip morphology. Results showed that depth of cut had the highest influence on cutting force and tool life. The optimal setting Vâ��=â��300â� m/min, fâ��=â��0.05â� mm/rev, docâ��=â��0.1 yielded the lowest cutting force (90.81N) and longest tool life(54.8â� min). While, highest combination of feed rate and depth of cut resulted in highest cutting force (195.50N) and shortest tool life (12.7â� min). SEM and EDS analysis identified significant abrasion, noticeable coating delamination, and adhesion as the main wear mechanisms. Furthermore, chip morphological analysis revealed closely spaced saw-tooth segments at lower speeds and highly serrated free ends at higher speeds. This research highlights the potential of cryo-lubrication as an effective machining technique for enhancing the performance of hard turning process using carbide tools. © IMechE 2025
date: 2025
publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105013866191?origin=resultslist
id_number: 10.1177/13506501251368517
full_text_status: none
publication: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology
refereed: TRUE
issn: 13506501
citation:   Yaqoob, Saima and Ling, Tee Kai and Ghani, Jaharah A and Jouini, Nabil and Juri, Afifah Z and Che Haron, Che Hassan and Sheik Muhamad, Shalina  (2025) Machinability study of hardened steel under cryo-lubrication using coated tools in high-speed turning process.  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology.   ISSN 13506501