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Sustainable Energy Management and Techno-Economic Analysis of PV-Integrated Battery and Hydrogen Storage for Electric Vehicle Charging and Residential Loads
The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases residential energy demand, challenging the balance between household consumption, EV charging, and grid dependence. Conventional photovoltaic battery systems offer renewable solutions but suffer from short storage duration, battery degradation, and limited reliability. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid photovoltaic with battery and hydrogen energy storage (PV-BHES) system to simultaneously supply EV charging and residential loads with EVs given priority. Techno-economic modeling using HOMER Pro and MATLAB simulations were conducted to analyze system performance under typical daily loads. Results show that while the PV-battery system achieved a lower Net Present Cost (NPC) of RM 43,280 and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of RM 0.315/kWh, it experienced a 58 unmet load. In contrast, the PV-BHES system, though more capital-intensive with an NPC of RM 72,199 and an LCOE of RM 0.525/kWh, reduced unmet load to 5 and achieved an 85 renewable fraction. Findings indicate PV-BHES enhances reliability and renewable integration, offering greater resilience for sustainable EV charging and household supply. © 2025 IEEE.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
2025 IEEE 23rd Student Conference on Research and Development, SCOReD 2025 - Conference Proceedings
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