eprintid: 20564 rev_number: 3 eprint_status: archive userid: 1 dir: disk0/00/02/05/64 datestamp: 2026-05-05 03:41:11 lastmod: 2026-05-05 03:41:11 status_changed: 2026-05-05 03:41:11 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Jamahori, Hanis Farhah creators_name: Ali, Abid creators_name: Isa, Siti Salwa Mat title: ANALYSIS OF NON-OPTIMAL PV SIZING AND PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND RESIDENTIAL LOADS ispublished: pub note: All Open Access, Gold Open Access abstract: The integration of Photovoltaic (PV)-based Distributed Generation (DG) into distribution networks is significantly influenced by varying load consumption patterns. Commercial, industrial, and residential users exhibit distinct consumption profiles, which impact the demand-supply dynamics within these networks. Therefore, implementing an effective optimization method to determine the optimal size and location of PV systems in the distribution network, while considering varying load patterns, is crucial for optimizing energy production, reducing dependence on the grid, and minimizing power losses. An optimization approach using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to address this challenge effectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation studies were conducted on IEEE 33 bus test distribution networks. Various test cases were examined to investigate the impacts of improper PV sizing and placement, and the results were compared with those of the proposed method. The findings revealed that the optimal placement and sizing of PV systems, as determined using PSO, achieved power loss reductions of 13.84, 20.70, and 32.71 for industrial, residential, and commercial loads, respectively, when located at bus 6. In contrast, improper PV installation resulted in either excess or insufficient power generation, leading to higher power losses and inefficiencies within the system. © 2025 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved. date: 2025 publisher: Penerbit UTM Press official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105014736341&doi=10.11113%2fjurnalteknologi.v87.22870&partnerID=40&md5=a8bf3eff731322e5fd399dbbf767260b id_number: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v87.22870 full_text_status: none publication: Jurnal Teknologi volume: 87 number: 5 pagerange: 1053 – 1062 refereed: TRUE issn: 01279696 citation: Jamahori, Hanis Farhah and Ali, Abid and Isa, Siti Salwa Mat (2025) ANALYSIS OF NON-OPTIMAL PV SIZING AND PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND RESIDENTIAL LOADS. Jurnal Teknologi, 87 (5). 1053 – 1062. ISSN 01279696