eprintid: 20515
rev_number: 3
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/02/05/15
datestamp: 2026-03-30 07:11:06
lastmod: 2026-03-30 07:11:06
status_changed: 2026-03-30 07:11:06
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Mustapa, Siti Indati
creators_name: Ayodele, Bamidele Victor
creators_name: Ishak, WaznatolWidad Mohamad
creators_name: Ayodele, Freida Ozavize
title: Evaluation of cost competitiveness of electric vehicles in Malaysia using life cycle cost analysis approach
ispublished: pub
keywords: Malaysia; carbon emission; competitiveness; cost analysis; electric vehicle; life cycle analysis; policy making; pollution policy; strategic approach
note: Cited by: 27; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access
abstract: The need to mitigate CO2 emissions from the transportation sector has necessitated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and other forms of alternative vehicles. Despite the global rise of EVs demand as a complementary means of green transportations, the level of adoption in Malaysia is still not encouraging. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cost competitiveness of EVs in comparison with Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and an Internal Combustion Vehicle (ICV) based on Malaysia scenarios. Using the existing data in Malaysia, life cost analysis (LCC) of two EVs was computed and compared with HEVs and ICVs. The study shows that Nissan leaf and BMW i3s EVs with LCC of 1.75 and 2.5 per km are not cost-competitive based on prevalent data available in Malaysia compared to the HEVs and ICV. Based on the sensitivity analysis, changes in the components of the operating costs significantly influence the accumulated cost of ownership of the EVs whereas the cost of ownership of the HEVs and ICVs did not experience any significant influence. The findings from this study could serve as bases for policymakers to formulate appropriate policies and strategies to improve the competitiveness of EVs in Malaysia. © 2020 by the authors.
date: 2020
publisher: MDPI
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088261415&doi=10.3390%2fsu12135303&partnerID=40&md5=88a46904e4dcbb983b5f3374d203f17b
id_number: 10.3390/su12135303
full_text_status: none
publication: Sustainability (Switzerland)
volume: 12
number: 13
refereed: TRUE
issn: 20711050
citation:   Mustapa, Siti Indati and Ayodele, Bamidele Victor and Ishak, WaznatolWidad Mohamad and Ayodele, Freida Ozavize  (2020) Evaluation of cost competitiveness of electric vehicles in Malaysia using life cycle cost analysis approach.  Sustainability (Switzerland), 12 (13).   ISSN 20711050