eprintid: 20471
rev_number: 3
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/02/04/71
datestamp: 2026-01-29 06:28:31
lastmod: 2026-01-29 06:28:31
status_changed: 2026-01-29 06:28:31
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Johal, Muhammad Syahrani
creators_name: Ghani, Sharin Ab
creators_name: Khiar, Mohd Shahril Ahmad
creators_name: Chairul, Imran Sutan
creators_name: Bakar, Norazhar Abu
title: Methods used to enhance the physicochemical properties of natural ester insulating oils for transformers: a review
ispublished: pub
note: Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access
abstract: Natural ester insulating oils, derived from vegetable-based feedstocks, are increasingly regarded as sustainable alternatives to conventional mineral oils due to their high fire point, biodegradability, and lower environmental impact. However, their widespread adoption in high-voltage equipment is constrained by their inherent limitations, such as lower oxidation stability, higher viscosity, and poor low-temperature performance. In this review, the three principal enhancement strategies developed to address these shortcomings are examined. The use of antioxidants is analysed for its role in improving oxidative resistance and flow characteristics. Transesterification is evaluated as a chemical modification method to alter the molecular structure, thereby enhancing viscosity and thermal stability. Refining and adsorbent treatments are discussed with respect to oil purification and regeneration, emphasising their adsorption efficiency and influence on dielectric performance. A comparative evaluation of these methods highlights their relative effectiveness, scalability, and practical challenges in implementation. This review underscores that no single approach is sufficient, and a combination of different methods is desirable to achieve optimal performance. These insights provide researchers with clear directions for further investigation while offering practitioners a knowledge base to guide the selection and application of enhanced natural ester insulating oils for reliable, long-term transformer operation. © 2025, Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. All rights reserved.
date: 2025
publisher: Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105026900519&doi=10.11591%2fijaas.v14.i4.pp1393-1401&partnerID=40&md5=0b68e9c87557051945e3fbbd77678585
id_number: 10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1393-1401
full_text_status: none
publication: International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
volume: 14
number: 4
pagerange: 1393 – 1401
refereed: TRUE
issn: 22528814
citation:   Johal, Muhammad Syahrani and Ghani, Sharin Ab and Khiar, Mohd Shahril Ahmad and Chairul, Imran Sutan and Bakar, Norazhar Abu  (2025) Methods used to enhance the physicochemical properties of natural ester insulating oils for transformers: a review.  International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 14 (4).  1393 – 1401.  ISSN 22528814