eprintid: 19977
rev_number: 2
eprint_status: archive
userid: 1
dir: disk0/00/01/99/77
datestamp: 2024-06-04 14:19:43
lastmod: 2024-06-04 14:19:43
status_changed: 2024-06-04 14:16:19
type: article
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: Haron, G.A.S.
creators_name: Mahmood, H.
creators_name: Noh, H.B.
creators_name: Moniruzzaman, M.
title: Fabrication and characterization of 3D printable nanocomposite filament based on cellulose nanocrystals and polylactic acid using ionic liquids
ispublished: pub
keywords: Activation energy; Composite materials; Extrusion; Fabrication; Field emission microscopes; Nanocellulose; Nanocomposites; Nanocrystals; Physicochemical properties; Polyesters; Scanning electron microscopy; Sulfur compounds; Tensile strength; Thermogravimetric analysis, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; 3d filament; Fabrication and characterizations; High potential; Hydrophilics; Nano-cellulose; Physicochemical property; Polylactic acid; Polymer composite; Ultra-sonication, Ionic liquids, Activation Energy; Composites; Construction; Extrusion; Gravimetry; Polyesters; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Thermal Analysis
note: cited By 2
abstract: Nanocellulose, which is biodegradable and possesses excellent physicochemical properties, has high potential in many applications. However, its intrinsic hydrophilic nature makes it difficult to be used as fillers in most hydrophobic polymer composites. Here, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully prepared using 1-hexly-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate HmimHSO4 ionic liquid under optimized conditions at 71°C, ultra-sonication amplitude of 69%, and ultrasonication time of 23 min. The prepared CNCs were surface-modified using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate BmimBF4. A 3D printable nanocomposite filament containing CNCs embedded in polylactic acid was fabricated via extrusion process at 170°C. The prepared filaments were characterized using universal testing machine, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR. It was shown that CNCs had a diameter and length of 10�24 and 60�400 nm, respectively. It was also found that incorporating 2 wt% of CNCs into the matrix phase increased filaments tensile strength by 2.5% (from 54.59 to 57.35 MPa) due to the plasticization effect of BmimBF4. The prepared composites exhibited lower activation energies compared to neat PLA due to the small traces of sulfate group on F-CNC. The mechanical attributes of CNCs/PLA nanocomposites were retained at values comparable to that of fresh PLA and were demonstrated to be 3D printable. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
date: 2024
publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc
official_url: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174406157&doi=10.1002%2fapp.54780&partnerID=40&md5=1df434dea704329026923787e218a778
id_number: 10.1002/app.54780
full_text_status: none
publication: Journal of Applied Polymer Science
volume: 141
number: 2
refereed: TRUE
issn: 00218995
citation:   Haron, G.A.S. and Mahmood, H. and Noh, H.B. and Moniruzzaman, M.  (2024) Fabrication and characterization of 3D printable nanocomposite filament based on cellulose nanocrystals and polylactic acid using ionic liquids.  Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 141 (2).   ISSN 00218995