relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/19926/ title: Kinetic & thermodynamic studies of green fuel additive solketal from crude glycerol over metakaolin clay catalyst creator: Zahid, I. creator: Ayoub, M. creator: Nazir, M.H. creator: Sher, F. creator: Shamsuddin, R. creator: Abdullah, B.B. creator: Ameen, M. description: Biodiesel synthesis produces about 10 glycerol as a byproduct, prompting environmental concerns. The utilization of crude glycerol into valuable products requires an Eco-friendly technique. This study depicts glycerol acetalization using acetone and novel catalyst acid-treated metakaolin clay. Raw kaolin clay was calcined at 600 °C and treated with acid at 102 °C for 3 h. Afterward, acid activated clay was filtrate and dried in oven to remove moisture content. The catalyst prepared with a 5 M solution of sulfuric acid exhibited the highest surface area of 82.33 m2. g�1 and gave the highest yield (80 ) of Solketal with 73 of glycerol conversion under optimum conditions. The ketalization reaction of Solketal synthesis was studied in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expression based on two-parameter kinetic law was used in this study. From the kinetic studies, activation energies (EA) of forward and backward reactions were found to be K1 = 39.23 kJ. mol�1 and K2 = 35.70 kJ. mol�1 respectively. Furthermore, reaction was exothermic having an enthalpy of �Ho = �18.86 kJ. mol�1 and the entropy �So = �0.1 kJ. mol�1 calculated from this process. Solketal derived from sustainable sources such as bio-glycerol and biomass-based acetone, has a wide range of uses as fuel additives and medicines industry. This research marks a significant advancement in the development of a continuous synthesis technique for Solketal and its recovery from glycerol-acetone mixtures. © 2023 The Authors date: 2024 type: Article type: PeerReviewed identifier: Zahid, I. and Ayoub, M. and Nazir, M.H. and Sher, F. and Shamsuddin, R. and Abdullah, B.B. and Ameen, M. (2024) Kinetic & thermodynamic studies of green fuel additive solketal from crude glycerol over metakaolin clay catalyst. Biomass and Bioenergy, 181. relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183611771&doi=10.1016%2fj.biombioe.2023.107029&partnerID=40&md5=e176ebc26e99cd963a542d4e657e073f relation: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.107029 identifier: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.107029