%0 Journal Article
%A Sahrin, N.T.
%A Ardo, F.M.
%A Suparmaniam, U.
%A Ramli, A.
%A Sin, J.C.
%A Lam, S.M.
%A Da Oh, W.
%A Chidi, B.S.
%A Ng, H.-S.
%A Shahid, M.K.
%A Tawfeek, A.M.
%A Khoo, K.S.
%A Lim, J.W.
%D 2024
%F scholars:19907
%J International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
%K Biochemical oxygen demand; Biodegradability; Chlorine compounds; Electrolytes; Ethylene; Ethylene glycol; Fermentation; Hydrogen production; Nanotubes; Oxygen; Titanium dioxide; Urea, Choline chloride; Dark fermentation; Green hydrogen production; Micro-algae; Palm kernel; Palm kernel expeller; Photocatalytic process; Pretreatment methods; TiO 2 nanotube; Visible light, Microalgae
%P 1307-1318
%R 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.12.099
%T Enhanced microalgal hydrogen production subsisting on visible light TiO2 nanotubes photocatalyst pre-treated palm kernel expeller
%U https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/19907/
%V 54
%X The present study investigated the application of photocatalytic process using TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) photocatalyst as an effective pre-treatment method for palm kernel expeller (PKE) in increasing its biodegradability to enhance the microalgal hydrogen production via dark fermentation. A series of TiO2 NTs photocatalysts were synthesized via employing electrochemical anodization of Ti foil at various voltages each in different types of electrolytes (choline chloride-ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG), choline chloride-urea (ChCl-U), choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-Gly)). Increasing trend of average NTs diameters at 26.14 ± 1.30, 73.01 ± 1.94 and 122.00 ± 13.32 nm was observed for 25, 30 and 35 V in synthesizing TiO2 NTs using suitable ChCl-EG electrolyte, respectively. The high 35 V had resulted in noticeable pore ruptures within this TiO2 NTs photocatalyst. The PKE pre-treated by TiO2 NTs photocatalyst anodized at optimum 30 V in ChCl-EG electrolyte had demonstrated the highest releases of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentrations at 594 and 607 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the microalgal efficiency of BOD5 conversion and hydrogen yield were also consistently maintained from third cycle of TiO2 NTs photocatalyst's reutilizations, signifying the stability of TiO2 NTs photocatalyst. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
%Z cited By 2