TY  - JOUR
Y1  - 2024///
IS  - 1
KW  - Activated carbon; Catalysts; Cellulose; Fruits; Kinetic theory; Lime; Palm oil; Pyrolysis; Zeolites
KW  -  CaO/HZSM-5; Catalytic pyrolysis; Central composite rotatable design; Empty fruit bunches; HZSM-5 catalyst; In situ catalytic pyrolyse; Incipient impregnation; Oil palm; Response-surface methodology; Wet incipient impregnation
KW  -  Activation energy
KW  -  Activated Carbon; Catalysts; Cellulose; Fruits; Lime; Pyrolysis
TI  - Investigation of Calcium Oxideâ??Impregnated Zeolite Catalyst Toward Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: Bio-oil Yields, Characterizations, and Kinetic Study
N2  - This work investigated the in situ catalytic pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch using CaO-impregnated zeolite (CaO/HZSM-5) catalyst. An optimum point was obtained via central composite rotatable design at reaction temperature of 567.10 °C, catalyst loading of 3.22 wt, and CaO loading of 1.25 wt, with an expected bio-oil yield of 35.31 wt. Validation runsâ?? experimental yield was 37.59 ± 1.74 wt, indicating reliability of the condition. The impregnated catalyst was characterized, and CaO was observed to be successfully impregnated onto HZSM-5 with minor degradation on the catalyst structures. The bio-oil produced through catalytic pyrolysis had increased 16.102 wt water content, and also lower acid content by 8.02, and higher aromatic content by 18.86 as compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis, possibly contributed by the combined catalytic effect of CaO/HZSM-5 catalyst via deoxygenation and neutralization reactions. Kinetic study using Coats-Redfern method indicated the decrement of activation energy and frequency factor by 2.14 and 49.17, respectively, at reaction order of three with addition of CaO/HZSM-5 catalyst. Similar reductions in activation energies in presence of CaO/HZSM-5 catalyst was observed in model-free methods, and the activation energies gradually increased with process conversion due to differences in valorization temperatures of hemicellulose (300 °C), cellulose (340 and 390 °C), and lignin (> 400 °C). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
EP  - 433
A1  - Lim, H.Y.
A1  - Yusup, S.
A1  - Acda, M.N.
A1  - Chin, B.L.F.
A1  - Rianawati, E.
A1  - Unrean, P.
A1  - Yiin, C.L.
A1  - Quitain, A.T.
A1  - Assabumrungrat, S.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160842394&doi=10.1007%2fs12155-023-10618-2&partnerID=40&md5=8aee092a457d71da8492e912c0254423
N1  - cited By 0
ID  - scholars19884
JF  - Bioenergy Research
AV  - none
SP  - 419
VL  - 17
ER  -