relation: https://khub.utp.edu.my/scholars/19781/
title: The characterization of dairy scum oil, eggshell and cow bone catalyst to determine the potential for transesterification
creator: Johari, S.A.M.
creator: Ayoub, M.
creator: Yusup, S.
description: A large number of dairy industries in Malaysia have disposed extensive quantity of waste, resulting in pollutions. This waste could be the potential feedstock for biodiesel production in the presence of catalyst which is also from organic waste. Eggshell and cow bone contained CaO when calcined at 800°C that could enhance the biodiesel and decreased the reaction time. Characterization of dairy waste showed that it is suitable for biodiesel due to high FFA (7.95) and very low water content (0.34). The FESEM-EDX analysis showed the peaks of Ca and O with traces of Mg in both catalysts. The surface morphology of the eggshell indicated that it has numerous porous structures with rod-like shaped and moderate average pore size (15.33 nm) based on BET results. While for cow bone, the surface structure was like aggregate particles with porous structure and high average pore size (21.61 nm) which could increase the biodiesel production. The transesterification of biodiesel from dairy waste with presence of eggshell and cow bone catalysts would be enhanced due to potential properties of the feedstock and catalysts. © 2024 Author(s).
publisher: American Institute of Physics
date: 2024
type: Conference or Workshop Item
type: PeerReviewed
identifier:   Johari, S.A.M. and Ayoub, M. and Yusup, S.  (2024) The characterization of dairy scum oil, eggshell and cow bone catalyst to determine the potential for transesterification.  In: UNSPECIFIED.     
relation: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85190695569&doi=10.1063%2f5.0196645&partnerID=40&md5=af99078c6858a41d7b03085a769faf54
relation: 10.1063/5.0196645
identifier: 10.1063/5.0196645